The Pignatelli della Leonessa Castle preserves characteristics that display its origins as a medieval fortress: situated at a height of about 400m, it was the first nucleus of the village of San Martino Caudina (AV) which grew up around its base. It is named for the della Lagonessa family whose surname over the centuries became Leonessa and is owned today by Duke Giovanni Pignatelli della Leonessa.
The layout of the castle demonstrates its Norman origins despite the many modifications over time. It is bounded by cyclopean defensive walls with Guelf merlons which follow the topography of the hill. There are 4 towers on the walls (3 square and one circular). The palazzo is located at the southern end, with the rest of the space (approx. 6,000 mq) used for orchards and gardens. The building itself has an irregular layout, articulated around a rectangular courtyard. The entrance gate leads into the courtyard through an underground passageway. The keep, located on the northern side of the courtyard, measures 10m in height today but originally was taller. The building develops over two storeys. An external staircase in stone backs against the courtyard walls and, dividing into two ramps, leads onto a loggia which provides access to the rooms on the upper floor used mostly for residential and reception purposes by the Ducal family. These include the reception room used for parties and celebrations. The lower floor includes a small kitchen and prison cells in the base of the keep. A cistern gathers rainwater.
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